Understanding the Stages of Menopause

Menopause is a natural part of aging for people who have periods. It marks the time when the body stops making certain hormones. This change does not happen overnight. It is a journey that goes through 3 main stages.¹

These transitions come with physical and emotional symptoms that may be frustrating or upsetting. Understanding these stages helps you know what to expect. This article explains the 3 stages: perimenopause, menopause, and post-menopause. It also discusses how long this transition typically lasts.²

What is perimenopause?

Perimenopause is the first stage of this transition. It is the time leading up to menopause. During this phase, the ovaries start to make less estrogen. Estrogen is a hormone that controls the menstrual cycle.²

During perimenopause, you may notice changes in your period. Your periods might become heavier or lighter. They may also happen more or less often. Many people also start to feel physical symptoms. These can include hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. Some people also have trouble sleeping or notice changes in their mood or libido. ^1-3

It is important to understand that you are still able to get pregnant during perimenopause. Because it can be difficult to predict when your ovaries may release an egg, it can be difficult to predict when you are fertile.^1-3

What is menopause?

Menopause occurs after you go 12 months in a row without a menstrual cycle. This means your ovaries have stopped releasing eggs. They also produce much less estrogen.¹

This stage usually happens between the ages of 45 and 55. The average age for someone in the United States experiencing menopause is 51. Once you reach menopause, you can no longer get pregnant naturally. If you have spotting or bleeding after this 12-month mark, you should talk to your doctor.¹

What is post-menopause?

Post-menopause is the stage that follows menopause. During this time, many of the symptoms from earlier stages may start to fade. For example, hot flashes often become less frequent.^1-3

However, lower estrogen levels can lead to other health concerns. People in post-menopause have a higher risk of bone loss (osteoporosis). They also have a higher risk of heart disease. It is important to stay active and eat healthy foods. You should continue to see your healthcare provider for regular checkups and screening tests like bone and heart health scans.^1,3

At this stage you should no longer have any vaginal bleeding or spotting. If you do ever experience this, tell your doctor immediately.^1-3

How long does this transition last?

The entire transition is different for everyone. Perimenopause often lasts about 4 to 8 years. Some people only have it for a few months. Others may be in this stage for up to 10 years.^2-4

Think of it like this: Menopause is the 1-year anniversary of your last period. The post-menopause stage then continues for all the years that follow. In total, the physical changes can span over a decade of a person's life.^1,3

Every person is unique

The transition through the stages of menopause is a significant life event. It involves 3 distinct stages:

• Perimenopause
• Menopause
• Post-menopause

Each stage brings different changes to the body. Perimenopause involves shifting hormones and irregular periods as well as symptoms like hot flashes and mood changes. Menopause is reached after 12 months without a period. Post-menopause is the final stage that lasts a lifetime.^2-4

It is helpful to track your periods and any symptoms that may arise. This information is useful when you talk to your healthcare provider. Every person has a unique experience with this journey. There are many ways to manage symptoms and stay healthy during each phase.